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Based in his research in swarm robotics and mixed animal-robot systems, Nikolaus has long been��interested in self-organization and non-linear collective phenomena. In addition to understanding the underlying principles in natural systems and contributing to the engineering science of swarming, he is interested in how swarming systems affect and interact with the human experience. After all, every natural phenomenon is a distributed one: atoms form molecules, molecules form organisms, and organisms form animals, which again form collectives, all governed by similar, scale-free prinicples.
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What Power Art Thou (2021)

[video:https://youtu.be/6W7OFn8VR_Q]

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Arrangement for 12 ABB IRB 4600-40, steel tread plate, monochromatic lights (12 x 12 x 4 m3 real size) in the Webots simulator on "What power art thou" from the opera "King Arthur" (1691) by Henry Purcell recorded by William Christie, Les Arts Florissant. As in my 2015 piece "Droplets meet Philip Glass", I'm exploring phase shift and resynchronization inspired by Steve Reich's work ""), this time in kinematic systems. The system starts in the same phase, then cycles through different orders of disarray, and ends up in the same phase at around 3:30, resolving tension analogous with Purcell's piece that also explores dissonances in a painful, repetitive way. I'm also thrilled by Olafur Eliasson's use of monochromatic light in "", which is used here.

Droplets meet Philip Glass (2015)

[video:https://youtu.be/b9tIGWx9I-c]

Arrangement for 100 "Droplets" miniature robot.��

Music: , "String Quartet 3, Mishima: 1957 Award Montage" by Paul Klee 4Tet

Program: John Klingner

A swarm of Droplets is repeating a simple pattern over and over, while getting more and more out of phase, letting more complex visual patterns emerge. The same effect, repeating patterns that slowly get out of phase, has first been explored in music by Steve Reich in his 1965 piece "", and is considered a landmark in the minimalism movement, which he pioneered with Philip Glass and others. String Quartet 3 (1985) is considered as one of Glass' more typical works, heavily relying on repetitive structures.

Reference

Farrow, N., Klingner, J., Reishus, D. and Correll, N., 2014, May. Miniature six-channel range and bearing system: algorithm, analysis and experimental validation. In��2014 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)��(pp. 6180-6185). IEEE.

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endo/exo (2013, collaboration)

[video:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y6bb5NlkJoc]

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endo/exo is a new interactive kinetic art installation, melding sound, robotic kinetic motion, and light, created by new media artist Michael Theodore, as part of the organism/mechanism solo show at the David B Smith Gallery () in Denver, Colorado, May 11-June 15, 2013. Collaborators: Pedro Caceres, structural design Jiffer Harriman, software design Nikolaus Correll, technology design Bob Shannon, lighting design Jane Theodore, fabrication Nathan Wheeler, fabrication Video by Matthew Campbell

Reference

Harriman, J., Theodore, M., Correll, N. and Ewen, H., 2014. . In��NIME��(pp. 383-386).

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flutter (2012, collaboration)

Flutter��was created by , Nicholas Farrow, and Professor Nikolaus Correll at the University of Colorado – ��«����Ƶ.��An extraordinary fusing of textiles and robotics, Flutter received First Prize for both Best in Show and Most Inclusive and Usable Design at the����in Newcastle, England.

Inspired to aid individuals with hearing impairments, Flutter administers vibrotactile feedback in the direction of a loud sound or alarm to help those with hearing loss respond more intuitively to their external environment.��Flutter was conceived of as an alternative form of assistive technology by producing an ethereal and functional garment that calls attention to the beauty of the device – not the disability.

Flutter’s bodice is constructed using cotton and polyester textiles and an inner framework of embedded microphones that network together to determine the frequencies and their amplitude of incoming sounds. ��The microphones collectively vote on the direction of the sound and, in turn, actuate small vibration motors in the winglets to simulate ‘fluttering’ in the direction of the auditory cue.��

Reference

Halley P Profita, Nicholas Farrow, and Nikolaus Correll. “Flutter: An exploration of an assistive garment using distributed sensing, computation and actuation.”��Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction (TEI). ACM, 2015.

Swarm Wall (2012, collaboration)

[video:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ySkK9ngLVkg]

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An interactive sculpture, incorporating sound, light, and kinetic motion. Part of the solo show "Michael Theodore: Field Theory," which was exhibited at the CU Art Museum June15th-July14th, 2012. ( ) Dimensions modular and variable, here: 13' x 42' Video assembled from footage shot by Mark McCoin and Matthew Campbell. Collaborators: Nikolaus Correll, custom electronics development, Ken Sugawara, algorithm and software design, Nicholas Farrow, software design, Bob Shannon, lighting design, Pedro Caceres, preparator, Stephen Martonis, exhibitions manager, Jane Theodore, fabrication.��more info at

Reference

Correll, N., Farrow, N., Sugawara, K. and Theodore, M., 2013, May. . In��Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, Karlsruhe, Germany��(pp. 6-10).

Correll, N., Farrow, N. and Ma, S., 2013, February. . In��Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Tangible, Embedded and Embodied Interaction��(pp. 419-422).

News

Robotic ‘Swarm Wall’ at CU-��«����Ƶ created through intersection of art and technology, CU Today, May 30, 2011.